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Diabetes Statistics: How Many People Are Living With It? [2025]
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📊 Statistics & Data Report
Global
Africa
Nigeria
Type 1 & Type 2
Updated 2025
Diabetes Statistics: How Many People Are Living With It? [2025]
From 108 million in 1980 to 589 million today — diabetes is the fastest-growing global health emergency of the 21st century. Every number below is sourced and verified.
🔬 Primary Answer
589M
Adults (20–79 years) living with diabetes globally in 2024 — 1 in 9 adults worldwide
Source: IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition · 2024 / 2025
🔍 Commonly Searched Topics
- How many people have diabetes in Nigeria?
- Diabetes death rate worldwide 2024
- Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
- Diabetes prevalence by country / Africa
- Normal blood sugar level / HbA1c target
- Can diabetes be reversed or cured?
🌍 Where Readers Come From
- Nigeria — rising diabetes epidemic
- Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, Ethiopia
- India & China — world's highest totals
- United States — 38.4 million diagnosed
- United Kingdom — 4.3 million patients
- Healthcare professionals & researchers
🌐
Section 1
Global Prevalence — The Big Numbers
The IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition (2025) is the most comprehensive global diabetes dataset ever compiled, covering 215 countries and territories. These are the headline statistics for 2024.
589M
Adults living with diabetes globally (2024)
1 in 9 adults aged 20–79. Up from 537 million in 2021 and 108 million in 1980 — a 445% increase in 44 years.
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition, 2024/2025
853M
Projected global diabetes cases by 2050
From 589 million in 2024 to 853 million by 2050 — a 44.8% increase. Largest growth expected in middle-income countries.
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition, 2024/2025
3.4M
Deaths caused by diabetes in 2024
That is 1 death every 9 seconds. Diabetes and kidney disease due to diabetes caused over 2 million additional deaths in 2021 alone.
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition · WHO, 2024
252M
Adults with diabetes who are undiagnosed
43% of all adults living with diabetes — 252 million people — do not know they have it. Almost 90% live in low and middle-income countries.
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition, 2024/2025
$1.015T
Global diabetes health expenditure in 2024
Diabetes caused at least USD 1.015 trillion in global health expenditure in 2024 — a 338% increase over the past 17 years.
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition, 2024/2025
635M
Adults with impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes)
635 million adults worldwide (1 in 8) have impaired glucose tolerance, placing them at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition, 2024/2025
🚨 The Alarming Growth Rate
From 108 million in 1980 to 589 million in 2024 — diabetes cases have increased by over 445% in just 44 years
The IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition confirms that 11.11% of all adults worldwide now live with diabetes — and the prevalence is expected to reach 12.96% by 2050. Without urgent coordinated action across communities, governments and health organisations, the world is on course to reach nearly 900 million cases by 2050. The fastest growth is occurring in middle-income countries, including Nigeria, where urbanisation, changing diets and insufficient screening are fuelling the epidemic.
Source: IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition · ScienceDirect / The Lancet · Published December 2024 · 215 countries and territories · 246 studies 2005–2024
🔬
Section 2
Types of Diabetes — What the Numbers Say
Not all diabetes is the same. Understanding the breakdown by type is essential to understanding the global burden and who is most at risk.
Type 1 Diabetes
5–10%
of all diabetes cases
An autoimmune disease — the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Onset is most common in childhood and young adults. Requires lifelong insulin therapy. Cannot be prevented. Globally, ~8.4 million people live with Type 1 diabetes (2024).
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition, 2024
Type 2 Diabetes
90–95%
of all diabetes cases
The body fails to use insulin effectively. Strongly linked to obesity, physical inactivity and poor diet. Can be prevented or delayed with lifestyle changes. Accounts for the vast majority of Nigeria's and Africa's diabetes burden.
WHO / IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2024
Pre-Diabetes (IGT/IFG)
635M
adults at high risk (2024)
Blood glucose is higher than normal but not yet in the diabetic range. If untreated, 5–10% of people with pre-diabetes develop Type 2 diabetes each year. Weight loss and exercise can prevent progression in up to 58% of cases.
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition, 2024
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
~16.7%
of all live births affected (2021)
High blood glucose during pregnancy. Increases risk of complications for mother and baby, and significantly raises the mother's lifetime risk of Type 2 diabetes. Highly underdiagnosed in Nigeria and Africa.
IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition, 2021
⚕️
Section 3
Diabetes Complications — The Silent Damage
Uncontrolled diabetes quietly destroys organs over years. These are the sobering statistics on what happens when the disease goes unmanaged — as it does for hundreds of millions globally.
75%
Diabetes deaths from cardiovascular disease
CVD accounts for approximately 75% of all diabetes-related deaths. People with Type 2 diabetes have 2–4× the cardiovascular disease risk of non-diabetics.
PMC / Rev Cardiovasc Med, 2024
#1 cause
Leading cause of blindness in working-age adults
Diabetic retinopathy affects ~35% of people with Type 2 diabetes. The global burden of retinopathy is estimated at 93 million individuals.
Frontiers in Endocrinology / PMC, 2021
50%
People with Type 2 diabetes who develop CKD
Diabetes is the leading single cause of end-stage renal disease. Up to 80% of ESRD is caused by diabetes, hypertension, or both.
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2021
15×
Higher risk of lower-limb amputation vs non-diabetics
People with diabetes are 15 times more likely to face lower-extremity amputation. In the UK, 48.9% of all amputations (2007–2010) were in people with diabetes.
PMC / Physical Therapy Review, 2008
2–5×
Increased dementia and Alzheimer's risk
Type 2 diabetes has been identified as a significant risk factor for both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease — a link growing in the research literature.
PMC / Type 2 Diabetes Epidemiology Review, 2021
60–70%
Diabetes patients with nerve damage (neuropathy)
60–70% of people with diabetes develop mild to severe forms of nerve damage, including painful or numb feet — the primary pathway to ulcers and amputation.
US Congressional Diabetes Caucus / CDC
🇳🇬
Section 4 — Nigeria Deep Dive
Nigeria: A Rising Diabetes Crisis
Nigeria's true diabetes burden is significantly higher than older estimates suggest. A landmark 2024 meta-analysis of 60 studies across all geopolitical zones reveals a prevalence nearly double earlier figures.
Nigeria Diabetes Statistics
Fastest-Rising Burden in Africa
7.0%
True T2DM prevalence — 2024 meta-analysis
Olamoyegun et al., Clin Diabetes Endocrinol, Dec 2024
3.7%
Older IDF 2019 estimate (now outdated)
IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th Edition, 2019
~11M
Estimated Nigerians living with diabetes
Based on 7% of ~229M adult population, 2024
9.8%
Prevalence in South-South zone (highest)
Eur J Med Health Research, 2024
The most comprehensive study on Nigerian diabetes ever conducted — a 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis of 60 studies covering 124,876 patients from all six geopolitical zones — found a pooled Type 2 diabetes prevalence of 7.0%. This figure represents a 21.3% increase from 2019 and nearly doubles the IDF's older 3.7% estimate. The true number of Nigerians living with diabetes is estimated at approximately 11 million people.
The highest regional prevalence is in the South-South geopolitical zone (9.8%), followed by the South-West. Urban Nigerians are significantly more affected than rural populations, driven by sedentary lifestyles, ultra-processed food consumption, and obesity rates that have risen sharply in Nigeria's cities over the past two decades.
A critical and dangerous gap in Nigeria is the absence of a nationwide diabetes survey since 1992, when prevalence was just 2.2%. Despite massive changes in diet, urbanisation and population since then, no comprehensive national government survey has been conducted. This data vacuum means millions of Nigerians live undiagnosed.
The African context: IDF estimates 25 million people in the Africa Region currently live with diabetes — projected to rise to 60 million by 2045. Nigeria, as Africa's most populous country, will account for a major share of this increase if screening, prevention programmes and access to affordable medications are not urgently scaled up.
🗺️
Section 5
Diabetes Burden by Region — 2024
Diabetes affects every region of the world but with dramatically different prevalence rates. The Middle East and North Africa region has the highest age-standardised prevalence.
📋
Section 6 — Quick Reference
Key Statistics at a Glance
All headline diabetes statistics in one place — past and present. Journalists and researchers may cite these figures with attribution to the sources listed.
Diabetes — Master Data Table
Cite with attribution to enavecpharmacy.com
| Statistic | Figure | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global diabetes prevalence (adults 20–79) | 589 million | 2024 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| Global diabetes prevalence (adults 20–79) | 537 million | 2021 | IDF Atlas 10th Ed., 2021 |
| Global diabetes prevalence (adults 20–79) | 463 million | 2019 | IDF Atlas 9th Ed., 2019 |
| Global diabetes prevalence (adults ≥18) | 828 million | 2022 | NCD-RisC / Lancet, 2024 |
| Global diabetes prevalence in 1980 | 108 million | 1980 | WHO Global Report |
| Projected global cases by 2050 | 853 million | 2050 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| Diabetes deaths in 2024 | 3.4 million | 2024 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| Diabetes deaths (IDF all-cause, 2021) | 6.7 million | 2021 | IDF Atlas 10th Ed., 2021 |
| Undiagnosed diabetes cases globally | 252 million (43%) | 2024 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| Adults with pre-diabetes (IGT) globally | 635 million | 2024 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| Global diabetes health expenditure | USD 1.015 trillion | 2024 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| Type 2 diabetes share of all cases | 90–95% | Current | WHO / IDF |
| Type 1 diabetes cases globally | ~8.4 million | 2024 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| Africa IDF Region — cases | 25 million | 2024 | IDF / IDF Network Africa |
| Africa IDF Region — projected 2045 | ~60 million | 2045 | IDF / IDF Network Africa |
| Nigeria T2DM prevalence (meta-analysis) | 7.0% | 2024 | Olamoyegun et al., Dec 2024 |
| Nigeria T2DM prevalence (IDF estimate) | 3.7% | 2019 | IDF Atlas 9th Ed. (outdated) |
| Nigeria — estimated diabetics | ~11 million | 2024 | Derived from 7% of 229M |
| Nigeria — last national DM survey | 2.2% prevalence | 1992 | Akinkugbe OO, FMOH, 1997 |
| USA — diagnosed diabetes | 38.4 million | 2023 | CDC National Diabetes Statistics |
| India — diabetes cases (world's highest total) | ~212 million | 2024 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| China — diabetes cases (2nd highest) | ~148 million | 2024 | IDF Atlas 11th Ed., 2024 |
| Diabetes — leading cause of kidney failure | Up to 50% of CKD | Current | Frontiers Endocrinology, 2021 |
| Amputation risk vs non-diabetics | 15× higher | Current | PMC Physical Therapy, 2008 |
📅
Section 7
Historical Timeline — From Discovery to Epidemic
From ancient manuscripts describing "sweet urine" to a global emergency affecting 1 in 9 adults — the history of diabetes spans millennia.
~1550 BCE
Earliest known description of diabetes
The Ebers Papyrus — an ancient Egyptian medical text — describes a condition with excessive urination and thirst. This is believed to be among the earliest documented descriptions of diabetes in human history.
Source: Historical medical records / Ebers Papyrus
1675
Thomas Willis describes "diabetes mellitus"
English physician Thomas Willis discovers that the urine of people with the condition tastes sweet ("mellitus" means "honey" in Latin), distinguishing it from other types of excessive urination. The full name "diabetes mellitus" is born.
Source: Historical medical literature
1921–1922
Insulin discovered and first used in treatment
Frederick Banting and Charles Best at the University of Toronto isolate insulin. In January 1922, 14-year-old Leonard Thompson becomes the first human to receive an insulin injection — saving his life. The discovery earned Banting the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923.
Source: University of Toronto / Nobel Prize records
1980
108 million adults worldwide had diabetes
WHO records show 108 million adults had diabetes globally in 1980. This number would explode 445% in the following 44 years, driven by urbanisation, rising obesity, processed food consumption and sedentary lifestyles.
Source: WHO Global Report on Diabetes, 2016
1992
Nigeria's last national diabetes survey — 2.2% prevalence
Nigeria conducts its last nationwide diabetes prevalence survey, recording 2.2%. The country has never conducted a comparable national survey since — leaving policymakers without accurate data as the epidemic grows. By 2024, the true prevalence has risen to an estimated 7.0%.
Source: Akinkugbe OO, FMOH Nigeria, 1997
2000
IDF Diabetes Atlas launched — first global diabetes census
The International Diabetes Federation publishes the first Diabetes Atlas, recording 151 million adults with diabetes worldwide. It now publishes the most authoritative global dataset, with the 11th Edition released in 2024/2025 covering 215 countries and territories.
Source: IDF Diabetes Atlas, 1st–11th Editions
2021
537 million adults living with diabetes — landmark IDF Atlas 10th Edition
The IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition estimates 537 million adults with diabetes, with 6.7 million annual deaths. 45% remain undiagnosed. Projections set the 2045 figure at 783 million — a number already surpassed ahead of schedule by 2024.
Source: IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition, 2021
Dec 2024
🩺 589 million — IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition
The IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition confirms 589 million adults now live with diabetes — 1 in 9 worldwide. This already exceeds the 2021 projection of 783 million by 2045, suggesting the epidemic is accelerating faster than anticipated. The new projection: ~853 million by 2050, with 80%+ in low- and middle-income countries.
Source: IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition · ScienceDirect, December 2024
2024
🧬 GLP-1 drugs (Ozempic, Wegovy) reshape diabetes treatment
Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) achieve unprecedented results in Type 2 diabetes treatment and remission — with some patients achieving near-normal blood glucose without insulin. The drugs become the most discussed medication in global healthcare, reshaping the conversation about Type 2 diabetes management.
Source: NEJM, Lancet, FDA approval records, 2023–2024
💊
Section 8
Treatment Landscape — 2025 Status
Treatment options for diabetes have never been better — in high-income countries. In Nigeria and most of Africa, access to even basic medications remains a serious challenge.
Insulin Therapy
Essential for all Type 1 and many Type 2 patients. First used in 1922. Despite being over 100 years old, insulin access remains dangerously limited in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, where supply chain disruptions cause preventable deaths.
Standard of Care
Metformin
First-line treatment for Type 2 diabetes. Affordable, widely available, and effective at reducing blood glucose, with evidence of cardiovascular benefits. The most prescribed diabetes drug globally and available in Nigeria.
First-Line T2DM
GLP-1 Agonists (Ozempic)
Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) are the most impactful Type 2 diabetes drugs in decades. They reduce blood glucose, drive significant weight loss and reduce cardiovascular events. Cost: $800–$1,300/month without insurance in the USA.
Breakthrough Class
Lifestyle Intervention
Weight loss of 5–10% body weight can achieve Type 2 diabetes remission in some patients. The landmark Diabetes Prevention Program showed lifestyle changes reduce Type 2 onset risk by 58% in pre-diabetics — more effective than metformin alone.
Can Achieve Remission
Remission via Weight Loss
DiRECT trial (2019, UK): 46% of Type 2 patients achieved remission at 1 year through intensive dietary weight management. Remission rates fell to 36% at 2 years but remained significant — challenging the notion that Type 2 is always irreversible.
Type 2 Reversible
Stem Cell / Gene Therapy
Early trials in Type 1 diabetes show stem cell therapies can partially restore insulin production. In 2024, a Chinese clinical trial reported the first apparent Type 1 diabetes remission through stem cell transplantation — a potential breakthrough for the future.
Emerging (Type 1)
📌
Section 9 — Key Takeaways
What the Data Tells Us
-
1The epidemic is accelerating faster than projected. The 2021 IDF projection of 783 million cases by 2045 has already been surpassed — we are at 589 million in 2024 and on course for 853 million by 2050. Global action is urgently behind schedule. (IDF Atlas 11th Edition, 2024)
-
2Nigeria's true diabetes burden is nearly double official estimates. A landmark 2024 meta-analysis of 60 studies found a 7.0% prevalence — up from 3.7% in 2019. With ~11 million Nigerians now estimated to have diabetes, this is one of the most under-recognised public health crises in the country. (Olamoyegun et al., Dec 2024)
-
3252 million people don't know they have diabetes — almost all in developing nations. 43% of the global diabetes population is undiagnosed. Without diagnosis, complications — blindness, kidney failure, amputations — develop silently for years. Africa has the highest undiagnosis rate globally. (IDF Atlas 11th Edition, 2024)
-
4Type 2 diabetes can be prevented and even reversed. Evidence-based lifestyle changes reduce Type 2 onset by 58% in pre-diabetics. The DiRECT trial showed 46% remission at 1 year via intensive dietary weight management. Prevention is dramatically more cost-effective than treatment, especially in resource-limited settings like Nigeria.
-
5The financial cost is catastrophic and growing. Diabetes caused at least USD 1.015 trillion in global health expenditure in 2024 — a 338% increase in 17 years. This figure will continue to rise without urgent intervention, consuming healthcare budgets in countries that can least afford it. (IDF Atlas 11th Edition, 2024)
❓
Section 10 — FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
A landmark 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis of 60 studies across all six geopolitical zones of Nigeria — involving 124,876 participants — found a pooled Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence of 7.0%. Based on Nigeria's population of approximately 229 million, this translates to an estimated 11 million Nigerians living with diabetes. The highest prevalence is in the South-South geopolitical zone (9.8%). This is nearly double the IDF's older 2019 estimate of 3.7%, which is now considered significantly outdated. (Olamoyegun et al., Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology, December 2024)
The IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition (2024/2025) estimates that diabetes was responsible for 3.4 million deaths in 2024 — one death every 9 seconds. However, this figure significantly undercounts the true toll. The IDF's all-cause attribution model in 2021 estimated 6.7 million deaths when accounting for deaths from diabetes-related complications such as cardiovascular disease and kidney failure. WHO notes that approximately 11% of cardiovascular deaths are caused by high blood glucose, making the true mortality burden far higher than cause-specific statistics suggest.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. The pancreas produces little or no insulin. It accounts for 5–10% of all diabetes cases, typically develops in childhood or young adulthood, cannot be prevented, and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic condition in which the body fails to use insulin effectively (insulin resistance), and the pancreas gradually cannot keep up. It accounts for 90–95% of all cases, is strongly linked to obesity and physical inactivity, can often be prevented or delayed through lifestyle changes, and in some cases can be put into remission through significant weight loss.
Type 2 diabetes can be put into remission — particularly through significant weight loss, intensive dietary management, or bariatric surgery. The landmark UK DiRECT trial (2019) showed 46% remission at 1 year and 36% at 2 years through intensive dietary weight management. The Diabetes Prevention Program showed lifestyle changes reduce Type 2 onset by 58% in pre-diabetics. Type 1 diabetes cannot currently be reversed in the conventional sense, as the insulin-producing beta cells have been destroyed. However, promising stem cell therapies and gene therapies are in early clinical trials that may change this in the future. A 2024 Chinese clinical trial reported the first apparent Type 1 remission through stem cell transplantation.
According to the IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition (2024/2025) and IDF Africa Region data, approximately 25 million people in the IDF Africa Region currently live with diabetes. This number is projected to rise to approximately 60 million by 2045. Africa has the highest proportion of undiagnosed diabetes globally — meaning the true burden is significantly higher than reported. Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Ethiopia are among the countries with the largest and fastest-growing diabetes burdens on the continent.
For non-diabetics, normal fasting blood glucose is below 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). A fasting level of 100–125 mg/dL indicates pre-diabetes; 126 mg/dL or above on two tests indicates diabetes. For HbA1c (a 3-month average blood sugar marker): normal is below 5.7%; pre-diabetes is 5.7–6.4%; diabetes is 6.5% or above. For people already diagnosed with diabetes, the WHO and most diabetes guidelines recommend keeping HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) to prevent complications, though individual targets may vary based on age, co-morbidities and patient preference. (WHO / ADA Diabetes Standards of Care, 2024)
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📎
📎 How to Cite This Page
APA Format
Enavec Pharmacy. (2025, April). Diabetes statistics [2025]: Global, Africa & Nigeria data. Enavec Pharmacy. https://enavecpharmacy.com/diabetes-statistics
MLA Format
Enavec Pharmacy. "Diabetes Statistics [2025]: Global, Africa & Nigeria Data." Enavec Pharmacy, April 2025, enavecpharmacy.com/diabetes-statistics.
Plain Text
Source: Enavec Pharmacy (April 2025). Diabetes Statistics [2025]. Retrieved from enavecpharmacy.com/diabetes-statistics
📚 Primary Sources & Methodology
Every statistic on this page is sourced from peer-reviewed journals, IDF official data, WHO global reports, or national health authority records. All sources are named, dated, and verifiable.
1
IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition. International Diabetes Federation. Global, regional, and national diabetes prevalence estimates for 2024 and projections for 2050. ScienceDirect / The Lancet. Published December 2024. diabetesatlas.org
2
IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. 2021. diabetesatlas.org
3
WHO Diabetes Fact Sheet. World Health Organization. Diabetes. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes. Updated November 2024.
4
Olamoyegun MA, Alare K, Afolabi SA, Aderinto N, Adeyemi T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2024;10(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s40842-024-00209-1
5
IDF Diabetes Atlas Global Factsheet. Diabetes around the world — 2024. IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition. diabetesatlas.org/media/uploads/sites/3/2025/04/IDF_Atlas_11th_Edition_2025_Global-Factsheet.pdf
6
Siam NH et al. Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2024 Dec 11;25(12):436. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2512436
7
Frontiers in Endocrinology. The Risk of Nephropathy, Retinopathy, and Leg Amputation in Patients With Diabetes and Hypertension. 2021. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.756189
8
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence. Lancet. 2024. Estimated 828 million adults ≥18 years with diabetes in 2022.
9
Nwafor CE, Edeogu J, Stanley R et al. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Adult Population Within a Southern Nigerian Community. European Journal of Medical and Health Research. 2024;2(1):131-137.
10
PMC / Physical Therapy Review. Diabetes-Related Microvascular and Macrovascular Diseases in the Physical Therapy Setting. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2579903. 2008.
11
Akinkugbe OO. Non-communicable disease in Nigeria. Final report of National Survey. Lagos: Federal Ministry of Health and Social Services; 1997. p. 64–90. (Last Nigeria national DM survey, 1992 data)
12
US Congressional Diabetes Caucus. Facts and Figures. diabetescaucus-degette.house.gov. CDC data on amputations, blindness, and kidney disease in US diabetes patients.
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