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How Many People Die from TB in Nigeria Every Year? [2025 Statistics]
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📊 Statistics & Data Report
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WHO Global TB Report 2025Updated November 2025
How Many People Die from TB in Nigeria Every Year? [2025 Statistics]
Nigeria is the 6th highest TB burden country in the world — accounting for 4.8% of ALL global TB cases. But there is real good news: TB deaths in Nigeria dropped 63% between 2015 and 2024, one of the fastest declines globally. Here are the verified numbers.
🔬 Primary Answer
~467,000
TB cases notified in Nigeria in 2025 — the highest ever recorded. Estimated ~500,000+ people fall ill with TB in Nigeria annually; deaths have fallen 63% since 2015
Source: NTBLCP 2025 · WHO Global TB Report 2025 · ThisDay Live, March 2026
🔍 Commonly Searched Topics
- How many people die from TB in Nigeria every year?
- TB statistics Nigeria 2024 2025
- Is TB curable in Nigeria?
- Symptoms of tuberculosis in adults
- TB and HIV Nigeria coinfection rate
- Drug resistant TB Nigeria treatment
🌍 Who Reads This Post
- TB patients and their families in Nigeria
- Nigerian doctors, nurses, and pharmacists
- Public health students and researchers
- NGOs working in TB — Global Fund partners
- Journalists covering infectious diseases
- People living with HIV seeking TB information
🌐
Section 1
Global TB Statistics — 2025 Picture
The WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2025, released November 12, 2025, is the most comprehensive TB surveillance report ever produced. In 2024, TB returned to being the world's leading infectious disease killer — surpassing COVID-19 for the first time since the pandemic began.
🌍10.7 Million
People fell ill with TB globally in 2024
A small decline from 10.8 million in 2023 — the first decrease since COVID disruptions began in 2020. 87% of all cases are in 30 high-burden countries. Nigeria alone accounts for 4.8% of all global TB cases.
WHO Global TB Report 2025 · November 2025
💀1.23 Million
Global TB deaths in 2024 (incl. 150,000 HIV-associated)
TB is the world's #1 infectious disease killer, ahead of HIV/AIDS. 150,000 of the 1.23 million deaths were among people with HIV. TB is also the leading cause of death among people living with HIV globally.
WHO Global TB Report 2025 · November 2025
📉29%
Reduction in global TB deaths 2015–2024
TB deaths fell 29% globally between 2015 and 2024. Progress — but far from the WHO End TB Strategy milestone of a 75% reduction by 2025. COVID-19 disruptions added an estimated 700,000 excess TB deaths between 2020 and 2023.
WHO Global TB Report 2025 · AFRO Regional Data
🏥83 Million
Lives saved by TB diagnosis and treatment since 2000
Global efforts to fight TB — diagnosis, treatment, and HIV-TB integration — have saved an estimated 83 million lives since 2000. This represents one of the greatest achievements in modern public health.
WHO Global TB Report 2025 / WHO Fact Sheet
🧫400,000
Drug-resistant TB cases globally (MDR/RR-TB)
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) — resistant to the two most effective first-line drugs — remains a public health crisis. Only 2 in 5 people with drug-resistant TB accessed treatment in 2024. Nigeria has an estimated 15,000–16,000 MDR-TB cases annually.
WHO Global TB Report 2025 · PMC MDR-TB review
💸$5.9B
Available TB funding in 2024 vs $22B needed annually
Only $5.9 billion was available for TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in 2024 — just 27% of the $22 billion annual target. Cuts to international donor funding from 2025 could cause 2 million additional TB deaths and 10 million new cases by 2035.
WHO Global TB Report 2025 · November 12, 2025
🚨 TB Is Still the World's Deadliest Infectious Disease
In 2024, TB reclaimed its position as the world's #1 infectious disease killer — surpassing COVID-19 — yet TB is both preventable and curable
WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated at the launch of the 2025 report: "The fact that TB continues to claim over a million lives each year, despite being preventable and curable, is simply unconscionable." Nigeria — the 6th highest burden country globally — is making real progress with a 63% drop in deaths since 2015. But funding cuts from 2025 threaten to reverse these gains. NTBLCP reports that Nigeria notified over 467,000 TB cases in 2025 — the highest in the programme's 36-year history — reflecting improved detection, not a worsening epidemic.
Source: WHO Global TB Report 2025 · November 12, 2025 · Dr Tedros quote from WHO press conference · NTBLCP / ThisDay Live, March 2026
🇳🇬
Section 2 — Nigeria Deep Dive
Nigeria: Africa's Highest TB Burden — and a 63% Drop in Deaths
Nigeria carries the highest TB burden in Africa and the 6th highest globally. Yet Nigeria's progress on TB mortality reduction since 2015 is among the fastest in the world — a genuine public health success story that deserves global recognition.
Nigeria TB Statistics 2025
Africa's Highest Burden · Fastest Declining Deaths
4.8%
Share of ALL global TB cases — 6th highest globally
WHO Global TB Report 2025
467,000+
TB cases notified in Nigeria in 2025 — highest ever
NTBLCP / ThisDay Live, March 2026
63%
Drop in TB deaths in Nigeria between 2015 and 2024
ThisDay Live / WHO End TB progress, 2026
93%
TB treatment success rate in Nigeria (2023)
NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report
Nigeria accounts for 4.8% of all global TB cases and is one of only eight countries that together account for two-thirds of the entire world's TB burden. Nigeria has the highest absolute number of TB cases in Africa. In 2023, the NTBLCP notified a record 371,019 TB cases — and this figure rose further to over 467,000 cases in 2025, the highest in the programme's 36-year history. Critically, these increases largely reflect dramatically improved case detection, not a worsening epidemic — a direct result of expanded GeneXpert diagnostics, community outreach, and a hub-and-spoke specimen referral network that transported over 2.4 million samples for testing in 2023 alone.
The most remarkable statistic in Nigeria's TB story is the 63% reduction in TB deaths between 2015 and 2024 — one of the fastest declines of any high-burden country in the world. In 2023, WHO's Global TB Report confirmed that Nigeria was among just six high TB burden countries on track to reach the WHO End TB Strategy 2025 milestone of a 75% reduction in deaths. This progress is attributed to scaling up diagnostic access, increasing treatment coverage from 24% in 2018 to 75% in 2023, integration of HIV-TB services, and sustained investment from the Global Fund — which has invested more than $2.6 billion in Nigeria's TB, HIV, and malaria response.
Nigeria's treatment success rate reached 93% in 2023 — surpassing the WHO 90% target and placing Nigeria among the best-performing high-burden countries globally. Treatment coverage — the proportion of estimated TB cases that were diagnosed and treated — rose from 24% in 2018 to 75% in 2023, representing a three-fold improvement in just five years. The NTBLCP's ambitious target is to reach 75% of the estimated TB burden by 2026.
The TB-HIV overlap in Nigeria is critical. Nigeria has both a high HIV burden (2 million people living with HIV) and a high TB burden. People living with HIV are 12 times more likely to develop active TB. A 2024 peer-reviewed study in Southeast Nigeria found TB-HIV co-infection prevalence of 33.9% among TB patients in tertiary facilities — far above the global average. The NTBLCP reports that 62% of estimated incident TB cases among people with HIV were notified in 2023, leaving a significant gap of undetected and untreated TB among HIV-positive Nigerians.
Drug-resistant TB remains a serious threat. Nigeria is estimated to have approximately 15,000–16,000 incident cases of multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) annually — among the highest in Africa. In 2019, only 2,384 (11%) of estimated MDR-TB cases were detected and notified. While newer all-oral treatment regimens such as BPaLM (bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, moxifloxacin) have shown dramatically improved outcomes and are now WHO-recommended, access in Nigeria remains limited primarily to designated drug-resistant TB treatment centres.
📈
Section 3 — Progress Scorecard
Nigeria's TB Programme — The Numbers That Show Progress
From a treatment coverage rate of 24% in 2018 to 75% in 2023, Nigeria's TB programme has achieved one of the most rapid scale-ups in recent global health history. These four numbers tell the story.
24%
Treatment Coverage 2018
Starting point — 76% of estimated TB cases were undiagnosed and untreated. Low detection driven by weak PHC networks.
NTBLCP / WHO Country Case Study, 2023
75%
Treatment Coverage 2023
A 3× improvement in 5 years — driven by GeneXpert scale-up, community outreach, and hub-and-spoke testing networks.
NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report
371,019
TB Cases Notified 2023
Record-breaking — 100%+ achievement of the 2023 notification target. More cases found means more lives saved through treatment.
NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report
93%
Treatment Success Rate 2023
Above the WHO 90% target. A 93% success rate means that 93 of every 100 Nigerians who start TB treatment complete it successfully.
NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report
🏆 A Global Health Success Story
Nigeria is one of only 6 high TB burden countries close to the WHO 2025 target of 75% reduction in TB deaths
In a disease landscape full of missed targets, Nigeria's TB mortality reduction stands out. WHO's 2024 Global TB Report confirmed Nigeria among six high-burden countries — alongside Kenya, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia — where TB deaths had declined to the point where the 2025 End TB milestone was within reach. Nigeria's treatment success rate of 93% surpasses most high-income countries.
The $933 million in new Global Fund awards signed for Nigeria from 2024–2026 will further strengthen this momentum — provided 2025 international funding cuts do not disrupt the supply chain for TB medicines and diagnostics that underpin these achievements.
Source: WHO Global TB Report 2024 (mortality milestone) · NTBLCP / BMJ Global Health 2024 · Global Fund award data
🗺️
Section 4
Countries with Highest TB Burden — 2024
Eight countries account for two-thirds of the entire world's TB cases. Nigeria is the only African country in this group — and the one making the fastest progress on reducing TB deaths among them.
📋
Section 5 — Quick Reference
Key TB Statistics at a Glance
All headline statistics in one verifiable table — spanning global and Nigeria-specific data from 2000 to 2025, sourced from WHO, NTBLCP, and peer-reviewed journals.
Tuberculosis — Master Data Table
Cite with attribution to enavecpharmacy.com
| Statistic | Figure | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global TB cases per year | 10.7 million | 2024 | WHO Global TB Report 2025 |
| Global TB deaths per year (total) | 1.23 million | 2024 | WHO Global TB Report 2025 |
| TB deaths among people with HIV | 150,000 | 2024 | WHO Global TB Report 2025 |
| Global TB deaths reduction (2015–2024) | 29% | 2024 | WHO AFRO / Global TB Report 2025 |
| WHO End TB Strategy 2025 death reduction target | 75% reduction | 2025 target | WHO End TB Strategy |
| Lives saved by global TB efforts since 2000 | 83 million | 2024 | WHO Global TB Report 2025 |
| Countries accounting for 87% of global TB cases | 30 countries | 2024 | WHO Global TB Report 2025 |
| Global TB drug-resistant (MDR/RR-TB) cases | ~400,000 | 2024 | WHO Global TB Report 2025 |
| Global TB treatment success rate | 88% | 2023 | WHO Global TB Report 2025 |
| Africa's share of global TB incidence decline (2015–2024) | 28% decline | 2024 | WHO AFRO Regional TB Data |
| Africa's TB death reduction (2015–2024) | 46% reduction | 2024 | WHO AFRO Regional TB Data |
| Nigeria — share of global TB cases | 4.8% | 2024 | WHO Global TB Report 2025 |
| Nigeria — TB cases notified (highest ever) | 467,000+ | 2025 | NTBLCP / ThisDay Live, March 2026 |
| Nigeria — TB cases notified | 371,019 | 2023 | NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report |
| Nigeria — TB cases notified | 207,785 | 2021 | PMC / BMJ Global Health 2024 |
| Nigeria — TB treatment coverage | 75% | 2023 | NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report |
| Nigeria — TB treatment coverage | 24% | 2018 | NTBLCP / WHO Country Case Study |
| Nigeria — treatment success rate | 93% | 2023 | NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report |
| Nigeria — TB death reduction (2015–2024) | 63% | 2024 | ThisDay Live / WHO End TB Progress |
| Nigeria — estimated MDR-TB cases | ~15,000–16,000 | Annual | PMC MDR-TB review / WHO |
| Nigeria — TB/HIV co-infection (tertiary facilities) | 33.9% | 2024 | PMC Nigerian Medical Journal 2024 |
| Global Fund investment in Nigeria (TB/HIV/Malaria) | >$2.6B since 2021 | 2021+ | PMC BMJ Global Health 2024 |
| New Global Fund awards for Nigeria 2024–2026 | $933 million | 2024 | PMC BMJ Global Health 2024 |
| Samples transported for TB testing in Nigeria (2023) | 2.4 million | 2023 | NTBLCP / BMJ Global Health 2024 |
📅
Section 6
Historical Timeline — TB in Nigeria from 1989 to 2025
From the founding of Nigeria's TB control programme in 1989 to the landmark 2025 record-breaking case notifications, the story of TB in Nigeria is one of hard-fought progress against a formidable disease.
1882
Robert Koch identifies Mycobacterium tuberculosis — the cause of TB
German physician Robert Koch announces the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on March 24, 1882 — now commemorated annually as World TB Day. His discovery transforms TB from a mysterious "consumption" into a diagnosable, treatable disease. The 1921 BCG vaccine follows 40 years later.
Source: Historical medical records · World TB Day — March 24
1989–1991
NTBLCP established — Nigeria's national TB programme launched
The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTBLCP) is established in 1989 by the Federal Government of Nigeria and formally launched in 1991. It becomes the coordinating body for all TB, leprosy, and Buruli ulcer control across Nigeria's 774 local government areas and 36 states plus FCT.
Source: NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report · Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria
2000–2015
Global Fund era — TB treatment begins scale-up in Nigeria
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is created in 2002 and begins investing in Nigeria's TB response. By 2021, the Global Fund has invested more than $2.6 billion in Nigeria across TB, HIV, and malaria. TB notifications remain low — around 50 cases per 100,000 — due primarily to underdiagnosis rather than low prevalence.
Source: PMC / BMJ Global Health 2024 · WHO Country Case Studies
2018
Treatment coverage at just 24% — 73% of estimated TB cases going undetected
Nigeria's TB Epidemiological Review reveals a critical gap: only 24% of estimated TB cases are being diagnosed and treated. 73% of all people sick with TB in Nigeria are undiagnosed and untreated — spreading TB in their communities. The NTBLCP sets an ambitious plan to triple treatment coverage by 2026.
Source: NTBLCP National Strategic Plan 2021–2025 · WHO Country Case Study
2020–2021
📊 COVID pandemic disrupts TB globally — but Nigeria defies the trend
While most countries saw dramatic falls in TB case notifications in 2020 due to COVID lockdowns, Nigeria was among a select few countries where TB notifications actually increased — from 120,266 in 2019 to 138,591 in 2020. By 2021, Nigeria had notified 207,785 cases — a 50% increase in annual notifications, driven by intensified case-finding and GeneXpert expansion.
Source: PMC / BMJ Global Health 2024 · NTBLCP data
2023
🏆 Record 371,019 TB cases notified — 75% treatment coverage achieved
Nigeria notifies 371,019 TB cases in 2023 — the highest ever since NTBLCP was founded in 1989. Treatment coverage reaches 75%, up from 24% in 2018. Treatment success rate hits 93%, above the WHO 90% target. WHO confirms Nigeria is close to the End TB 2025 milestone of a 75% reduction in TB deaths. The hub-and-spoke specimen network transports 2.4 million samples for TB testing in 2023 alone.
Source: NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report · WHO Global TB Report 2024
November 2025
📋 WHO Global TB Report 2025 — Nigeria holds 4.8% of global cases; deaths down 63% since 2015
The WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2025, released November 12, 2025, confirms Nigeria accounts for 4.8% of global TB cases — the 6th highest in the world. TB deaths in Nigeria have fallen 63% between 2015 and 2024 — among the largest reductions globally. Nigeria notified over 467,000 TB cases in 2025, the highest ever. However, new international funding cuts from 2025 threaten to reverse this extraordinary progress.
Source: WHO Global TB Report 2025 · NTBLCP / ThisDay Live, March 2026
⚕️
Section 7
TB Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Treatment — 2025 Status
Understanding who is most at risk — and knowing that TB is 100% curable when detected early and treated correctly — is the most important public health message about tuberculosis in Nigeria.
🦠
HIV Co-Infection
People living with HIV are 12× more likely to develop active TB. TB is the leading cause of death among people with HIV globally. In Nigeria's tertiary facilities, 33.9% of TB patients are co-infected with HIV. TB-HIV integration — testing all TB patients for HIV and vice versa — is the critical intervention.
Highest Risk Factor
🍽️
Undernutrition
Globally, 970,000 TB cases in 2024 were attributable to undernutrition — the single largest risk factor. A malnourished immune system cannot contain latent TB infection, allowing it to reactivate into active disease. Nigeria's high rates of food insecurity and poverty drive significant TB burden through this pathway.
970,000 Cases/Yr Globally
🏙️
Overcrowding & Poverty
TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Overcrowded living and working conditions — prevalent in Nigerian urban slums and prisons — dramatically increase transmission risk. Prisoners face TB prevalence up to 16.3× higher than the general population. Low income delays care-seeking.
Major Driver in Nigeria
🫁
Diabetes & Smoking
Diabetes increases TB risk 3-fold through impaired immune function. Smoking damages the airway lining, making it easier for TB bacteria to establish infection. Globally in 2024, 930,000 TB cases were attributable to diabetes and 700,000 to smoking. Nigeria's rising diabetes burden means TB-diabetes co-morbidity is a growing concern.
Growing Risk Factor
💊
Drug-Susceptible TB Treatment
Standard TB treatment is a 6-month course of four antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (the HRZE regimen). Nigeria's 93% treatment success rate shows that when patients complete treatment, the vast majority are cured. TB drugs are available for free at all NTBLCP treatment centres. Treatment must not be interrupted — incomplete treatment creates drug resistance.
100% Curable if Completed
⚠️
Drug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB)
MDR-TB — resistant to the two most powerful first-line drugs — requires 6–20 months of treatment with second-line drugs. Nigeria has ~15,000–16,000 MDR-TB cases annually but detects only a fraction. The new BPaLM regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, moxifloxacin) achieves 90% success in 6 months but is only available at specialised centres in Nigeria.
Serious — Needs Scale-Up
📌
Section 8 — Key Takeaways
What the Data Tells Us
-
1Nigeria is Africa's TB capital — but is reducing deaths faster than almost any country on earth. Nigeria's 4.8% share of global TB cases and the highest absolute burden in Africa are sobering. But the 63% reduction in TB deaths between 2015 and 2024 — achieved alongside tripling treatment coverage from 24% to 75% — is a genuine, measurable public health triumph that deserves recognition. Nigeria is proof that even high-burden, resource-limited settings can make rapid progress with the right investment. (WHO Global TB Report 2025 · ThisDay Live, 2026)
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2More TB cases being found is good news — it means more lives being saved. Nigeria's record 467,000+ cases notified in 2025 reflects improved detection, not a worsening epidemic. The increase from 24% to 75% treatment coverage means that hundreds of thousands of Nigerians who previously would have gone undetected — spreading TB and eventually dying — are now being found, treated, and cured. Every case detected is a life potentially saved and transmission chain broken. (NTBLCP 2025 · BMJ Global Health 2024)
-
3TB is curable — and Nigeria's 93% treatment success rate proves it. With a 93% treatment success rate, Nigeria's TB programme is outperforming the global average of 88% and many high-income countries. TB drugs are free at all NTBLCP centres. If diagnosed and treated, TB patients in Nigeria have a 93% chance of being cured. The barrier is not treatment quality — it is finding the estimated 25% of cases that are still being missed. (NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report)
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4TB-HIV co-infection is the most dangerous combination in Nigerian health. With 2 million Nigerians living with HIV — who are 12× more likely to develop active TB — and a 33.9% TB-HIV co-infection rate in tertiary facilities, Nigeria must treat TB and HIV as a single integrated epidemic. People with HIV who are on ART and TB-screened regularly are dramatically less likely to die. The gap: only 62% of estimated HIV-TB cases in Nigeria were notified in 2023, meaning nearly 40% are going undetected. (PMC 2024 · NTBLCP data)
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5The 2025 funding crisis threatens to reverse a decade of hard-won progress. Nigeria's TB success has been built on Global Fund investment ($2.6B+ since 2021) and USAID/PEPFAR support for integrated HIV-TB services. International funding cuts from 2025 — including USAID freezes and potential PEPFAR reductions — directly threaten the GeneXpert network, specimen transport systems, MDR-TB treatment access, and TB-HIV integration programmes that produced the 63% mortality reduction. Without sustained funding, WHO modelling projects 2 million additional global TB deaths and 10 million new cases by 2035. (WHO Global TB Report 2025 · BMJ Global Health 2024)
❓
Section 9 — FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
Nigeria has achieved a 63% reduction in TB deaths between 2015 and 2024 — one of the fastest declines globally. While exact annual death figures require the country-specific breakdown from the WHO Global TB Report 2025's country profiles, Nigeria's progress means the absolute number of TB deaths has fallen dramatically. WHO's 2024 report confirmed Nigeria was among the six high-burden countries closest to the End TB 2025 milestone of a 75% reduction in deaths. In 2023, an estimated total of 1.25 million people died from TB globally, of which 27% of HIV-negative deaths were in the African Region. Nigeria, as Africa's highest burden country accounting for 4.8% of global cases, contributes a substantial share of Africa's TB deaths — but that share is declining rapidly. Previously, estimates placed Nigeria's annual TB deaths at approximately 150,000–200,000 before the current scale-up; current figures are significantly lower due to treatment expansion. (Sources: WHO Global TB Report 2025 · ThisDay Live March 2026 · WHO Global TB Report 2024)
The classic symptoms of pulmonary (lung) TB — the most common form — are: (1) Persistent cough lasting more than 2–3 weeks — often with sputum (mucus) and sometimes blood. (2) Fever — typically low-grade, often worse in the afternoons. (3) Night sweats — drenching sweats that soak clothing and bedding. (4) Unexplained weight loss — significant weight loss over weeks or months. (5) Fatigue and weakness. (6) Chest pain when breathing or coughing. TB can also affect other organs (extrapulmonary TB) — causing swollen lymph nodes (scrofula), spine pain (Pott's disease), blood in urine (kidney TB), or severe headache and neck stiffness (TB meningitis). Anyone with a cough lasting more than 2 weeks in Nigeria should be tested for TB — particularly if they are also HIV-positive, have diabetes, are malnourished, or have had contact with a known TB patient. TB testing is free at all NTBLCP-registered facilities. (Source: WHO / NTBLCP / FMOH Nigeria)
Yes — TB is 100% curable when diagnosed and treated correctly. Nigeria's treatment success rate of 93% in 2023 — above the WHO 90% target — proves this. Drug-susceptible TB is treated with a standard 6-month course of four antibiotics: isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), and ethambutol (E), known as the HRZE regimen. All TB medicines are provided free of charge at all NTBLCP treatment centres across Nigeria's 36 states and FCT. The key rules for successful treatment are: never miss a dose and complete all 6 months — even when you feel better. Stopping early causes drug resistance and treatment failure. Drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) requires a longer and more complex treatment regimen — but with new all-oral regimens like BPaLM, cure rates of around 90% in 6 months are now possible at designated centres. Contact your nearest NTBLCP facility (ntblcp.org.ng) or FMOH-registered hospital for free TB testing and treatment. (Source: NTBLCP · WHO · FMOH Nigeria)
TB and HIV are the most dangerous combination in Nigerian health. People living with HIV are 12 times more likely to develop active TB than HIV-negative people — because HIV destroys the CD4+ T cells that normally contain latent TB infection. TB is the single leading cause of death among people with HIV globally, accounting for approximately 30% of all AIDS-related deaths. In Nigeria, a 2024 peer-reviewed study found a TB-HIV co-infection prevalence of 33.9% in tertiary facilities — meaning that one in three TB patients in Nigerian referral hospitals is also HIV-positive. Nigeria's 2 million people living with HIV represent a large pool at risk. The NTBLCP's response: all TB patients are tested for HIV (89% coverage in Africa in 2024), and all HIV-positive TB patients are started on antiretroviral therapy as soon as possible. Integration of TB and HIV services — testing, treatment, and monitoring together — is the cornerstone of both programmes. (Sources: WHO / PMC Nigerian Medical Journal 2024 · NTBLCP 2023 Annual Report)
TB testing and treatment are completely free in Nigeria at all NTBLCP-registered facilities. You can access free TB services at: (1) Primary Health Centres (PHCs) — the first point of contact in your LGA. Most PHCs now have trained TB staff and can refer samples for GeneXpert testing. (2) General Hospitals — all government secondary facilities have TB treatment units. (3) Teaching Hospitals — all federal and state teaching hospitals have dedicated TB clinics including for drug-resistant TB. (4) NTBLCP-partnered private facilities — many private hospitals are registered as TB DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) centres. The NTBLCP's hub-and-spoke network transports over 2.4 million samples per year for GeneXpert testing — so even if your local facility lacks testing equipment, your sputum sample can be sent for analysis. Visit ntblcp.org.ng for a directory of treatment centres by state. If you have any cough lasting over 2 weeks or are HIV-positive and experiencing respiratory symptoms, please seek TB testing immediately. (Source: NTBLCP · FMOH Nigeria)
Yes — the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine has been available for over 100 years and is part of Nigeria's National Programme on Immunisation (NPI). BCG is given at birth or in the first few weeks of life and provides strong protection against severe forms of childhood TB — particularly TB meningitis and disseminated TB — reducing childhood TB deaths by 70–80%. However, BCG is significantly less effective against pulmonary TB in adults and adolescents — which is why millions of adults in Nigeria still develop TB despite having been vaccinated. As of August 2025, there are 18 TB vaccine candidates in clinical trials globally, including 6 in Phase 3 trials targeting adults. These could be available within the next 5 years and would represent a transformative breakthrough in ending TB. For now, the most effective tools for preventing TB in adults are: treating active TB quickly (stopping transmission), TB preventive therapy for HIV-positive contacts and household contacts of TB patients, and early diagnosis and treatment to prevent spread. (Sources: WHO / GAVI / WHO Global TB Report 2025)
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📎 How to Cite This Page
APA Format
Enavec Pharmacy. (2025, April). How many people die from TB in Nigeria every year? [2025 statistics]. Enavec Pharmacy. https://enavecpharmacy.com/tuberculosis-tb-statistics-nigeria
MLA Format
Enavec Pharmacy. "How Many People Die from TB in Nigeria Every Year? [2025 Statistics]." Enavec Pharmacy, April 2025, enavecpharmacy.com/tuberculosis-tb-statistics-nigeria.
Plain Text
Source: Enavec Pharmacy (April 2025). TB Statistics Nigeria [2025]. Retrieved from enavecpharmacy.com/tuberculosis-tb-statistics-nigeria
📚 Primary Sources & Methodology
Every statistic on this page is sourced from WHO, NTBLCP, peer-reviewed journals, or official Nigerian government health data. All sources are named, dated, and verifiable.
1
WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2025. "Global gains in tuberculosis response endangered by funding challenges." Released November 12, 2025. who.int/news/item/12-11-2025-global-gains-in-tuberculosis-response-endangered-by-funding-challenges
2
WHO Tuberculosis Fact Sheet. World Health Organization. Updated November 2025. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis
3
WHO Global TB Report 2024. TB Mortality Chapter 1.2 and Incidence Chapter 1.1. who.int/teams/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2024
4
NTBLCP. 2023 Annual TB Report. National Tuberculosis, Buruli Ulcer and Leprosy Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. Published February 2025. ntblcp.org.ng/resources/2023-annual-tb-report/
5
ThisDay Live. "Nigeria's Tuberculosis Deaths Drop by 63% Between 2015 and 2024." Published March 29, 2026. thisdaylive.com
6
Ogunniyi TJ, Abdulganiyu MO et al. "Ending tuberculosis in Nigeria: a priority by 2030." BMJ Global Health. 2024;9(12):e016820. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016820. PMC11624813.
7
WHO AFRO. Tuberculosis (TB) Regional Data. WHO Regional Office for Africa. afro.who.int/health-topics/tuberculosis-tb
8
Chukwuocha IK, Simon JM, Aguoru EP. "Prevalence, Profile and Treatment Outcome of TB-HIV Co-infection in South-Eastern Nigeria." Nigerian Medical Journal. 2024;64(6):789–798. PMC11227634.
9
Frontiers in Microbiology. "The burden of tuberculosis and drug resistance in 22 Sub-Saharan African countries, 1990–2021: GBD 2021 analysis." Published October 2025. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1695592
10
NTBLCP. National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Control 2021–2025. Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. ntblcp.org.ng
11
WHO Global TB Report 2024. Country Case Studies — Nigeria. Epidemiological review, January 2023. who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2023/featured-topics/country-case-studies
12
GAVI / The Conversation. "TB in Africa: global report shows successes, but Nigeria and DRC remain important hotspots." November 4, 2024. gavi.org/vaccineswork
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